Pressures Of Higher Education Essay

It is a brisk day in October, and all the leaves are crackling as every college student around the country is headed to his or her library, trying to get some studying in for the next exams. Some fully understand the subject matter and will constantly pressure themselves to keep on getting better; Others do not fully understand the subject mater and are too busy thinking about how they intend to pay for this class again once they fail. Most belong somewhere in the middle, constantly contemplating why they even put the stress of higher education onto themselves. Higher education is the catalyst to advancing our society to unknown boundaries. The pressures that come along with higher education vary from relaxed to extremely exhausting. These pressures are showcased nonstop in community colleges, state universities and lastly Ivy League private universities. While community colleges have often been looked down upon as a relaxed version of actual higher education, community colleges have been proven to raise the amount of pressure and stress on the enrolled students. The levels of difficulty of the curriculums are indeed lower than those of other colleges and universities. That is not necessarily a bad thing knowing that the typical student enrolled in community college either was not fully prepared for the challenge of other colleges or universities, or they just were not financially ready to make that step up. These struggling students need more time to work on their problems. Students can pursue an Associates Degree in their major without feeling overwhelmed by the pressure of trying to get a bachelor’s degree too early, leading them into failing grades. The students that are enrolled simply because of not having the financial means to enroll into other colleges and universities tend to have a high level of stress, not because they feel stunned by the subject matter, but because of the opposite. Not feeling challenged enough can create pressure on them because they do not feel as if they are getting the education they truly deserve. Community college may come off as a pressure free area, but in reality it has its pressure provoking aspects like all other outlets of higher education. The pressures of state universities are easily visible from the outside vantage point. To start, the number of majors offered at state universities is astounding. Most people that are given that much choice tend to realize that they do not really know what they want to major in. This epiphany leads them into declaring undecided. To go along with the high number of majors, the curriculums of all these majors often are just as breathtaking in difficultly. The number of students to teacher ratio is usually staggering, which creates more pressure for a student to grasp the concepts the first time. The tuition for state universities averages around twenty thousand annually. Most full time students cannot afford this price; therefore, students are forced to rely heavily on financial aid and scholarships. When that many people are competing for the same pile of assets, some tend to get left without enough. This increases the focus on the pressure of finding enough money for every semester’s expensive needs instead of focusing on the actual classes they are paying for. Even though the average students that attend a state university tend to have more control over the pressures of higher education, they can still feel the pressure. The pressures of higher education are substantially more evident in Ivy League students, due to the utmost need to succeed. The term â€Å"Ivy League† is defined as a group of long established eastern colleges and universities having high academic and social prestige. It is not hard to understand why the Ivy League schools are in their own prestigious bubble of higher education. Every student that enrolls in these schools was once part of the highly pressured top five percent of his or her high school. These students often have a genuinely hard time with transitioning from a fairly easy curriculum into their new extremely rigorous curriculums. A smooth transition is needed in order to earn a degree from their respective schools. Without that smooth transition, the students will start to feel overwhelmed, and the pressure will overcome them. Another contributing factor of pressure in Ivy League schools is the fact that the prices of attending these schools match the arduousness . The average tuition for an Ivy League school reaches into figures above fifty thousand annually. Grants, scholarships and financial aid play a very substantial part in full time students’ lives. If they were to receive unsatisfactory grades, then they would lose everything. Being forced to find a way to pay that much for their education would pressure them into dropping out, effectively ruining every high aspiration that student once had. Even though the Ivy League students have tremendous control over pressure, the pressures of higher education like money and making perfect grades, can lead to the failure of an otherwise perfect student. It does not matter whether a student is enrolled in a basic community college, state university or an Ivy League school, students will be faced with pressured situations. For a community college student, the pressures of worrying about not being fully ready for the challenges of college, or just not having the financial means to pay for it, will present themselves. Having control over how pressure affects them, and having the means for state universities, does not guarantee you will be ready for the feeling of being lost in the crowd instead of being an individual. Even though you would assume Ivy League attendees are perfect, sometimes the pressures of having to live up to that standard can overwhelm the student. No matter the level of difficultly, pursuing higher education will always create pressure on a student; the different routes of higher education will just affect the student in their own unique ways.

Health Complications Caused by Chlamydia in Males

The topic I have chosen to link it with is Chlamydia n individuals aged 16-25. I am going to see whether the health promotion is used as a system of empowerment or a system of control. Main body Chlamydia can cause many complications in males and females, a few examples of these are; abdominal pain, pelvic pain, inability to get pregnant, potentially deadly octopi pregnancy, swelling in one/both testicles, fever and preventing a man from being able to father children states Brown, N (2013).The government are setting up ways to prevent this by setting up free Chlamydia screening to Individuals aged 0-25, this Is empowerment. By the government doing this It Is making Individuals take precautions and have regular checks. It also makes individuals respect themselves as when they know what Chlamydia can do to them they may also start using condoms to reduce the statistics of people contracting Chlamydia.It can also be seen as trying to control individuals as they are pushing/persuading th em to use contraception and keep getting themselves checked out after a new sexual partner, this Is because If individuals start becoming aware and checking themselves, and also using protection It will reduce the amount of money the INS are spending on treatment, (1 tablet or a weeks worth of antibiotics). The individuals that don't use protection or get checked out regularly could be having sexual relationships with others in the community and passing on the infection.This is why when individuals find out they have the infection they are advised to tell their past and current partners to get checked out as well. The antibiotics that are prescribed are the medical approach as It alms to prevent disease. This topic also links to behavior hang as it encourages individuals to adapt healthy behaviors, it is also a form of health education as the individuals are learning about Chlamydia also it is unlikely to be successful unless the individual is ready to take action.For example if an individual is not willing to use protection and/or get regular tests then there is not a lot that can be done, unless they decide to change their ways and try help themselves. The education approach also links to this as It alms to provide knowledge influence relating to Chlamydia as it aims to help individuals acquire the skills and inference to take greater control over their own health. For example if you are afraid of what your partner may say when you mention ‘protection' you are less likely to mention it, also if you are afraid of the result you may get from the screening tests you may decide not to take one.Social change also has a link to Chlamydia as it aims to make the healthy choice the easy choice, some individuals may be too scared to get help, take tests or mention anything. This is where individuals need to start making the right choice. The media is an influence on Chlamydia as it encourages individuals viewing it to stay safe, look after yourselves and others so you don't pass the infection around the community. The government are also an influence on Chlamydia as it is thanks to them that 16-25 year olds can gain free Chlamydia screening in clinics INS choices (2011).The critical understanding for health promotion is as follows, health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve; health of people, communities and populations says Reuters, T (2013). It moves beyond a focus on individual behavior towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions. Interventions to help change behaviors and environments in ways that are conductive to health. The main goals of health promotion are to reduce health risks and optimize health and productively while lowering total health-related costs.At its best, worksheet health promotion creates a culture that fosters vitality, motivation and overall effectiveness of human capital says (Erickson,2006). The role and relevance of health promotion is in tackl ing the determinants of health, elate promotion will include combinations of the strategies namely developing personal skills, strengthening community action, and creating supportive environments for health, backed by healthy public policy.Health promotion is a powerfully relevant strategy for social development, in particular as an important set of strategies to address the factors influencing inequalities in health. Health promotion also brings together all the principles that underlie a series of strategies that seek to support conditions that allow populations to be healthy and to make lately choices. The range of strategies draws upon behavioral sciences, public health, education and communication, to name a few, and their respective methodologies says health promotion agency (2009).Empowerment or control Within this essay I have stated both ways in which it is empowerment and control. However both have equal entitlement; I am swayed to say I personally think that the health pr omotion is more a system of empowerment. This is because the government are setting up schemes that are free for individuals aged 16-25 to access. This shows he empowerment that is given to individuals to look after themselves without a cost. Also condoms are given for free at the clinic where the Chlamydia screening is taken states (Scholar, Abraham, Kook and Gilmore, 2004).This is empowering people to take precautions so that they don't contract the infection. Another point is the media what can happen if they have the infection and don't get checked out. Conclusion Throughout this essay I have shown how health promotion can be used as a system of empowerment and a system of control. I have linked it together with my chosen epic; I have also linked health promotion within my topic to the different approaches that I have learnt about within my lectures.

A Tale Of Two Cities Essays - English-language Films, Literature

A Tale of Two Cities Throughout the book, A Tale of Two Cities the theme of sacrifice is used to help the reader realize the cost of life, as well as to develop the plot through the effects of those sacrifices. Through the characters of Sydney Carton, Dr. Manette, and Ms. Pross the theme of sacrifice is developed. The theme of sacrifice brings key aspects of the plot together, and Carton's sacrifice brings the novel to closer in the end. Sydney Carton paid the highest cost of sacrifice with his life, and in doing so he was very similar to Jesus Christ. Carton laid down his life for a man who had never done anything for him and who in fact had abused his relationship as demonstrated on page 191 when Carton describes himself in Darnay's view as "a dissolute dog who has never done any good, and never will." Similarly Jesus Christ let himself be beaten, abused, and killed for the same people who spit in his face. Other people in both cases thought that Jesus and Carton were not thought to be much more that dogs, while they both sacrificed their lives so these people who treated them like dogs could live. Both Carton's and Jesus' sacrifice was inspired by a deep desperate love for which they were willing to do anything. Carton was willing to die for Lucie because of his desperate, scandalous love for her, just as Jesus showed his love for man when he was willing to give up his life for every man. This level of love makes the sacrifice even more valuable and brings things to closure. Finally, Carton and Jesus both knew that through their sacrifice, others could have life. Carton's death breathed life into Darnay just as Jesus Christ's death breathes life into those who trust in him. The importance of their death is that it brings life. The role of Carton's sacrifice in the plot is that the cost of life is sometimes high. Through his sacrifice the cost and privilege of living can be measured, just as Christians can see the true cost and privilege of life through Jesus Christ's sacrifice. Dr. Manette also sacrificed much of his life by giving up his own personal goals and agenda for Lucie. On page 125 Dr. Manette says, "any fancies, any reasons, and apprehensions, anything whatsoever, new or old against the man she really loved?they shall all be obliterated for her sake." Dr. Manette was willing to relinquish his own personal feelings or perhaps "rights" so that Lucie may be happy. He set aside, "anything whatsoever" in order for Lucie to marry the man she loves. Dr. Manette did anything he could to save Darnay from death, even to the point where Madame Defarge mocked him saying, "Save him now, my Doctor save him!" Dr. Manette had always been suspicious about Darnay, but he put aside his doubts in to Make Lucie happy. Deep down he knew that Darnay was an Evermond?, but he sacrificed his own feelings for Lucie's feelings. Thirdly, Dr. Manette gave up all of his desires, hopes, thoughts of revenge for Lucie, as demonstrated when he says, "She is everything to me; more t o me than suffering, more to me than wrong, more to me?." Dr. Manette had years of anger and revenge stored up him from when he was imprisoned, yet he forgot about all of it and only tried to make Lucie happy and make up for the many years he had lost. Dr. Manette's pain was so great that he often reverts to the insanity that was caused from his imprisonment, while he still does everything he can even though his pain is so great that he can not physically control it. Manette laid down his life so that Lucie could fully live. Ms. Pross sacrificed her life day by day for Lucie to have a better life. Ms. Pross simply devoted her life to Lucie, and her well being which is shown when Mr. Lorry describes Ms. Pross's devotion, "there is nothing better in the world than the faithful service of the heart; so rendered and so free from any mercenary taint" (87). Ms. Pross was sacrificed things

SEE and Create Topics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SEE and Create Topics - Coursework Example When I think of electricity, high voltages, and lightning, I would automatically associate them with immense forms of power and I can only wonder how it can be controlled in such a way that it would create a musical piece. I have seen other musical displays before such as those accompanied by fireworks, lights, or water. However, the use electricity, channeling like lightning and even creating distinct and controlled sounds offers a more exciting and engaging show. b. The subject of the art is a woman. Colors involved in the art can be divided into two parts: a warm and natural palette on the upper portion and vivid and flashy colors on the bottom. The elements of design and composition are timing, motion arcs, and overlapping actions. a. Understanding the story or plot in the animation is somehow challenging, wherein a woman is confronted with some obstacles in her way. However, I think that the main feature of this art form is to showcase the fascinating concepts of timing and multi-dimensional motion. In Diane Meyer’s Italy VI: 2009, 2011, hand-sewn archival ink-jet print embroidered photo of a scenic image of a land form, the easily distinguishable crisscross pattern of the embroidery adds depth to an already pronounced art of photography. The sewn tiles in the photograph are intricately designed to attain unity and balance with the original photo. It is evident that Chinese tea cups are among the world’s most beautifully created ceramic art. The significance of tea cups in Chinese culture and tradition can be traced to several centuries ago. This segment hosted by Stephen Fry gives a hilarious side of the history of Chinese tea cups, together with his guests; they brought me to a big laugh and at the same time gave me a brief but informative knowledge on the magnificent tea cups of early

American Gothic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Gothic - Essay Example American Gothic is a highly expressive painting which captures the spirit of an age. Depicting a Midwestern farmer and his daughter, the dour expressions of the faces of both father and daughter, their highly modest clothing and the conservatism which they exude, communicate the hardship of the times. Whether from the modesty of their clothing, the utter dourness of their expression or the plainness of the house in the background, the picture tells the story of an age. It is an age where people lived by their own labor and had to work long hours, leaving hardly any room for pleasurable pursuits, just to survive and make ends meet. Certainly, the picture does not tell a tale of poverty but it tells one of a life of work with no pleasure in order to satisfy the basic requirements of livelihood, decent clothing and shelter. The painting further provides readers with an understanding of male-female relations and roles during the age in question. In this picture, the farmer is pictured holding a large pitchfork and dominates the painting. His daughter is standing just behind him and while he is looking straight ahead, gazing at onlookers, her eyes are averted. The pitchfork is a symbol of the manual labor for which men were responsible and the fact that the daughter is standing behind the father is indicative of the subservient status of females. Added to that, the fact that the man is looking straight ahead and the daughter’s eyes are averted could be interpreted as evidencing the public role of men versus the private role of females. It is, thus, that the male figure is boldly looking at the painter and, hence, directly at us while the female figure is not.

Sustainable Tourism Solutions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainable Tourism Solutions - Assignment Example They should contribute positively to intercultural tolerance and understanding and also take part in the community based organizations aimed at conserving the environment (Edgell, 2006). Traditional tourism based on the carrying capacity led to the damaging of the economy, culture and the environment of the tourist's destinations. Through this approach, the local people experienced negative effects on their local economy, their cultures were diluted and their environment was severely damaged. Traditional tourism could in most cases result to both social and economic costs to the locals. The traditional tourism exerted a lot pressure on the natural environment and resources. The disposal of solid and liquid waste arising from the tourism is a major problem to most of the developing countries; due to lack of capacity to treat such wastes (United Nations, 2001). The disposal of such wastes in their untreated form contributes significantly to the reduction of natural resources such as the fresh water. The solid and liquid waste from the tourism industry also contaminated the marine environment thereby destroying the marine ecosystem (Miller, & Louise, 2006). The traditional tourism approach lacked a very important element which made it no to be sustainable and was doomed to break at one point or another. It failed to include all the stakeholders in its management. The management of tourism under this approach was mainly the duty of the government with the rest of the stakeholder playing virtually no role. The local communities therefore perceived tourism as an activity that was in no way aimed at benefiting them. The government on the other hand could not give back to the tourism industry from the revenues it had collected and thus there were no funds which were destined to conserve the environment which had been affected by tourism activities (Weaver, 2006). By blocking relevant stakeholders from all levels of tourism planning implementation and development blocked major contributions for addressing several concerns brought about by tourism. For tourism to be successful it is very important to bring all the stakeholders on board an element that was clearly lacking in the traditional carrying capacity approach. This has led to the development of new approaches so as to address the challenges brought about by traditional tourism practices (Swarbrooke, 1999). Modern approaches to tourism Environmental management based tourism development is one of the new approaches; it is favoured because it appreciates the fact that tourism plays a leading role in the economic development at the community, regional, national and international levels. It achieves this by utilizing natural environments and resources as its main physical inputs. While making use of these natural environments and resources it is very important to reduce negative impacts to the environment as much as possible so as to be certain that their availability in the future is assured. By conserving the natural environme

What impact will these trends have on the overall quality of care in Essay

What impact will these trends have on the overall quality of care in the state of Pennsylvania, and what will our system have to do differently in the future - Essay Example For example, the total number of non- acute and speciality hospitals in 2003 were 85. These numbers progressed over the years and in 2012, the total number of non- acute and speciality hospitals in the state was 92. This meant that there was an 8% growth over the years. When compared to the total number of general acute licensed hospitals the numbers in 2003 were at 181. However, over the years the numbers decreased to 158 in 2012. This translated to a 13% decline in the numbers of general acute licensed hospitals in the state. Based on these figures, it meant that more hospitals were gearing to offer speciality care to patients as compared to general care. Hence, efficiency in general care was compromised as the fewer licensed hospitals that had remained were the ones handling all patients who had minor health challenges. Decreasing number of physicians: The state has experienced a decreasing number of physicians over the years in a number of specialities. According to HAP (2014), it was established that the numbers of physicians in areas such as: emergency medicine; paediatrics; family practice; general surgery; orthopaedic surgery; internal medicine; radiology; cardiology; obstetrics and gynaecology had decreased in the state. In addition to that, it was also mentioned that by 2015, the existing shortage of qualified physicians would quadruple to approximately 39,600 physicians. Moreover, it was also stated that the shortage of RN specialists would reach approximately 22,600 by 2017. The impacts of these trends are that the overall quality of care and efficiency of disbursed care to patients in the state has already been affected. If no action is undertaken soon, these trends could cripple the health care state in Pennsylvania in the coming years. Degradation of the existing health care systems: The existing health care systems in the state of Pennsylvania are not reliable. That is, the hospitals as well as the

Rally Championship; Design Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rally Championship; Design - Coursework Example e other hand, Bacillus.cereus involves two important secretion systems that were responsible for toxin secretion and proteins such as Tat and Sec-SRP type. There are many benefits derived from some strains of Bacillus.cereus , it is used to treat crops disease and it does involve in a pesticide to prevent the fungi from plants .Although, this bacteria can be dangerous for human , the recent studies show that it has produced antibiotic toxins involving antibiotic B and zwittermicin A which are useful for plants to protect them from disease. Bucillus cereus is a gram –positive bacteria and it is a rod shaped and facultative anaerobic organism. The first time it was discovered was in 1969 from mail patient who had fatal pneumonia (Hoffmaster.A et al , 2006). In terms to the environmental aspect , Bacillus .cereus is found in the soil and it is separated widely in the nature. Also, it is participate to microflora of insects and might found in plants(Vilain.S et al ,2006) Bacteria belongs to bacilli family and it is related genetically to Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus pseudomycoides, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus weihenstephanensis and Bacillus thuringiensis. These bacterium have the ability to secrete different types of toxins. (Drobrniewski .F ,1993)has given an interesting example which is Bacillus anthracis lead to Cause anthrax to humans and animals, whereas Bacillus cereus is caused food borne illness .In addition, Bacillus.cereus is often beta hemolytic that is breakdown of red blood cells in vitro, while Bacillus. anthracis is non hemolytic. It is possible that, some strain of Bacillus. cereus are harmful to humans and the other would be beneficial to a certain degree. This due to the fact that sometime Bacillus. cereus can product probiotics which is useful while it may tend to give rise in Food poisoning and gastroenteritis. These diseases have a main syndrome such as emetic and diarrhea the vomiting might cause by contaminated food by only

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE - Essay Example This prompted me to find articles that represent results of general research so that I could deduce the meaning of general research from them. In particular, I read two general research articles and compared their topic, methodology, and findings to a scientific article. This is how I came up with a conclusive answer. The first general research article talked about the relationship between conservation, tourism, and economic development (Conservation – Tourism – Economic Development Context 1). The second talked about staff development through education (EAEpedia 1). The scientific article focused on marine mammals and its approach concurred with definition about scientific research (United States Department of Commerce 1). You are welcome to view the articles as this important discussion continues. Conservation – Tourism – Economic Development Context. The Investigation of the Effects of Conservation and Tourism on Land Tenure and Ownership Patterns in KwaZulu-Natal. Web. 2004. 26 November 2011 United States Department of Commerce. Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for the Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. 2008. Web. 26 November 2011

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business plan - Essay Example Quality performance in the organization is also aimed at improving the overall performance of the company. If it is performing well, this entails that its productivity also increases. This will help the organization to operate viably in the long run. This will also help the company to attract more customers which can positively increase its market share. Performance management Performance management is defined as â€Å"an approach to managing employees which is concerned with planning employee performance, facilitating the achievement of work related goals and reviewing performance and these are seen as methods of motivating the workers in order to achieve their full potential in line with the organisation’s objectives.† (Spangenberg, 1994 as cited in Swanepoel, 1998). At Disney Restaurant, performance management will be an ongoing process which will involve planning, managing, reviewing, rewarding and development of performance of the employees. The aim of this particu lar strategy is to establish the level of performance of the employees. This will also help the management to implement measures that are designed to improve the performance of the employees. ... ewards and incentives can be used to motivate the employees to put optimum effort in their performance so that they can positively contribute to the productivity of the organization. At Disney Restaurant, this will be achieved through the use o a performance appraisal system. Basically, performance appraisal is a formal and systematic method that is used to investigate the job relevant strengths and weaknesses of the employees and it is also used to develop the performance of the workers (Swanepoel, 1998). The major aim of performance appraisal is to improve the performance of the employees and this method will be used to gather information about the employees who can be considered for rewards and incentives. This strategy of offering rewards and incentives is very effective in as far as performance improvement of the employees is concerned. If the employees are aware that they will get rewards from their outstanding performance, it can be seen that they will also put optimum effort in their work. This will also motivate other employees to work hard in their assigned tasks since they will also be anticipating to get rewards from their handsome work in the company. Daily management In order to effectively manage the employees as well as their activities at Disney Restaurant, the management will try to interact with the workers on a daily basis. An open communication channel will be implemented in the organization where the employees and their managers will constantly interact on a daily basis. One important aspect that ought to be taken into consideration by the management is to give feedback to the employees so that they know if they are performing within the expected standards in the organization. The managers should give the employees certain tasks and they will

Rebeccas Structure Essay Example for Free

Rebeccas Structure Essay Explain the effectiveness of the structure of the text, Rebecca Daphne du Maurier’s Rebecca is structured in a circular form, which is effective in displaying elements of the gothic genre and producing a sense of mystery and ambiguity. The fact that details are revealed gradually creates tension, and a desire to know, so that by the end of the novel the audience is satisfied with the complete story, despite the horrific truth regarding Rebecca’s murder. The text virtually revolves around a murder By using a BAB form, with a reference to the ending at the beginning of the novel, a sense of confusion and abstruseness is evoked among readers. The first chapter, in which the narrator supernaturally returns to Manderley, relives her experiences and mourns for the loss of such an exquisite property, is perplexing for the reader as the scene, characters and setting have not been established. This causes the audience to disregard the first chapter, as the second chapter begins with an entirely different setting and mood. Upon reaching the end of the novel, the reader grasps the meaning of the dream sequence, and the forgotten abstruseness is resolved. The audience is left content with all details of the story revealed, but, like most gothic tales, also chilled and unsettled with the shocking conclusion. Rebecca shows elements of the horror genre through the structure, in which the details are revealed throughout the story, by being analogous to many crime shows of today. In television programs such as CSI, a section of the fictional offense is shown, after which the team investigates the murder or other wrongdoing, and eventually discovers the callous yet complete truth. This order of events matches exactly with those in Rebecca, and it has the effect that we have an idea of the story, but become alarmed yet intrigued as more shocking details are revealed. The text is structured in a way that the scene is set and elaborated on throughout the book as the story and events take place, which causes the reader to experience confusion and a sense of incompetence. The fact that we are put in the place of the speaker allows us to experience everything she feels, knows and says. The narrator’s lack of knowledge concerning Rebecca’s death and murder is unnerving, as it makes us feel just as naive and oblivious as Mrs. de Winter. This is relevant to the gothic genre as it plays on the idea of being put in someone else’s place, which seems supernatural and ghost-like, as if the murder is something we can only learn about through the narrator, as everyone else is already in the know. This idea is further explored when Mrs. de Winter goes to live at Manderley, and unintentionally takes Rebecca’s place. The ingenuousness of the narrator, and how she gradually learns the truth about the murder, allows us to relate, and displays the ghost-like element of the gothic genre. In conclusion, the structure of Rebecca is effective in exemplifying the gothic genre because it references the end of the book at the beginning which creates confusion and mystery. Its effect on the readers is significant because it follows the structure of many crime shows, and makes us feel clueless, like the narrator.

The Origin of the Work of Art Essay Example for Free

The Origin of the Work of Art Essay In ‘The Origin of the Work of Art’ by German philosopher Martin Heidegger, the essence of the work of art and then the question of the meaning of a thing, are described according to the philosopher’s perspective. This was Heidegger’s first collection of writings on art. The critique had many opponents as well as allies who felt that this was a valuable contribution in making the meaning of art clearer to people. Heidegger states, the work of art â€Å"gives the earth (materials, color, sound, words) the chance to be present as what it really is. As long as the earth is used for something, it is not present as what it truly is. The truth, which the work of art reveals in this way, is a finite truth. It does not consist in a meaning, which lies in the open in an articulated form, but in a meaning, which is fathomless and deep. In its essence it is the strife between world and earth, between rising and sheltering.† (Kockelmans, 1985) However, to understand the statement by Martin Heidegger, â€Å"While truth and art are proper to the essence of reality with equal originality, they must diverge from one another and go counter to one another† (Kockelmans, 1985) one must move deep into the context of art and truth, particularly truth. Truth, according to Friedrich Nietzsche, who influenced Heidegger by a great degree, is presented in a metaphor where he points that â€Å"on the mountains of truth you can never climb in vain: either you will reach a point higher up today, or you will be training your powers so that you will be able to climb higher tomorrow.† (Lamb, 2004) However, the same truth goes though a mode of transference, when he mentions, â€Å"all things are subject to interpretation whichever interpretation prevails at a given time is a function of power and not truth.† (Lamb, 2004) This brings us to a stage where it becomes hard to interpret the application of truth from the perspective of Nietzsche. According to this parameters truth is an element that can be turned and twisted in accordance to occasion or need. Here he mentions that â€Å"all credibility, all good conscience, all evidence of truth come only from the senses†. (Lamb, 2004) However, the vital question is who would verify the justification of sense? Who would ascertain whether the interpretation of truth or the application of sense is modulated towards a betterment or general good? Hitler used Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy of truth for his own goal and turned it against the entire world using this philosophy as a tool of justifying his evil means. Therefore, truth is subjective and in words of Nietzsche himself, â€Å"all truth is simple is that not doubly a lie?† (Lamb, 2004) Thus, truth is an embellishment of justification with almost poetic or artistic application that can be turned and twisted to meet the end purpose. It is true that the rhetorical approach of Friedrich Nietzsche hardly leaves any stone unturned in favor of his argument and it is only after a mass killing of the 20th century did we aver realized the flaw of his theory. The anthropomorphism incorporated in his philosophy diverted a mass section of the human population towards a belief of truth that is difficult to practice and fatal when implemented in practical world. However, it can be ascertained to remark that there is no problem for the society to implement the nature of truth in art forms as it depicts a personal view of the truth. In this context it would be relevant to mention that Marx believed that there is little truth in art as it is only a medium that presents an mirror image of the reality whereas there are enough evident that explains art in a different mode. (Lamb, 2004) Marcuse believes that â€Å"the truth of art lies in the power to break the monopoly of established reality†. (Marcuse, 1995) However according to Wilde â€Å"art never expresses anything but itself.† (Lamb, 2004) Under such parameters, the application of truth in art hardly holds any ground. It is a curious notion to mention that Plato wanted all poets and artists to be sent out of the country because they presented as fractured form of truth. The same is true for the practical and present world. It should be remembered that on a practical ground while somewhere on a greater moral plane we are taught that lying is â€Å"wrong,† the fact is that Western Civilization as James Beniger asserts could be reduced to chaos without lies. The present generation believes that there are certain importance of truth but that truth is juxtaposed with the parameters of lies for the term ‘success’ in this world of market driven economy. From the perspective of a present generation, individual truth is as important as lying, no matter how metaphorical or paradoxical it might sound, thus its needs an explanation. Humans develop their ability to lie at a very early age. The average two-year-old is a liar, perhaps not a proficient and accomplished liar yet, but a liar nonetheless.   By the time, a child is a toddler, the innocence of youth is a myth, and the child has learned that lying is a necessary skill for survival in the world. The children who perfect the art of lying just might grow up to become successful politicians. Caught in a forbidden act, a two-year-old will quickly try to don a look of absolute innocence all while denying the alleged wrongdoing. Lying in children this young makes one wonder if lying is part of the human genetic code. The fact is, children probably are taught to lie by their first teachers- their parents. Brian Martin claims that parents carefully teach children how to lie and just as often lie to them (Martin, 2004). In teaching their children to lie, parents are preparing them to deal with the world. Once children set off for school, they must know how to lie effectively to teachers and classmates. Children who do not become good liars will not develop good interpersonal skills, and they will probably not become highly effective people. Every child needs to know how to explain the missing homework assignment and how to get along with playmates. Well-told lies are the most expedient means to these ends. In the adult world, the most successful people are those who are proficient liars. Businesses would cease to function if proprietors always told the truth. Without lies, there would be no politicians and no governments; the world would descend into anarchy. A good politician knows that people do not really want to hear the truth, especially if the truth is unpleasant; therefore, the best politicians always have ready lies that are always delivered with a caring and earnest expression. These are good lies because they reassure the people that all is well, and that is after all, what people want to hear. Lies are the foundation of democracy, and lies set people free. Be it a genetic trait or one acquired through social interactions, lying is a part of the fabric of civilization and socialization. In addition, this stands for each and every society down the ages of human history not just Western Civilization. Great societies are founded on lies, and the most successful people are the most adept liars. Relationships, businesses, and governments depend on lies. In wider sense, it could well be formulated that lying is a positive sign and approach of intelligence at the same time. (Lamb, 2004) It should be mentioned that as an individual on behalf of the present generation and that on a moral ground the importance of truth remains important. It could be ascertained that this truth should be composed and restored as an element of individual justification. This means that one should be justified in terms of truth to oneself. The human dignity is to be taken into consideration in relation to truth. One must always be true, clarified and justified to the personal self. This is the importance of truth and the value of truth and the rest depends on the survival strategies in the modern world. Thus, truth remains in its position while to survive one need the help of the other side of truth and that is lie. However, from the parameters of art it can be stated â€Å"art is an inherent element in the effort on the part of man to come to genuine self-understanding art works reveal to us what and how beings are. Each artwork opens its own world A world opens itself, the earth shelters and closes; both are present in the artwork. Furthermore, the work does not refer to something else as a sign or a symbol does, but it presents itself in its own Being and invites the beholder to dwell and while with it.† (Kockelmans, 1985) As Heidegger explains further: We note, â€Å"In order for truth to come-to-pass in a work of art, conservation is as essential as invention. Since the fact that truth is at work implies the conserver who is â€Å"startled and whiles in the openness that pervades the art work.† (Kockelmans, 1985) Thus, in defense of art as solitary medium it can be stated that nature is created by itself, while art is the creation of nature. Art knows no death and it is imperishable. As said by Longfellow that art is long and time is fleeting. The spices of nature are born only to die after a certain space of existence. Art continues indefinitely. Austin Dobson assessment of art is expressed in his saying that all passes. Art alone enduring stays to us. The bust outlasts the throne, the coin, Tiberius. Art is never demonstrative; it never catches attention with an exhibitionistic appeal. Obviously, a casual observer scarcely finds anything impressive, a thing of beauty, in it. On the other hand, the eye of a connoisseur never misses it. With his penetrating look and absorbing concern, he explores the innate charm of an object of art. According to the celebrated Latin poet Ovid, art lies in concealing art. If art is the magic of holding back time then artists are the magicians who captivate time in colors and canvases. As time passes by several take birth and perish, but some people with their achievements and contributions leave their footprints on the sands of time. These people remain immortal forever in the pages of history. It has been found that â€Å"the imagination is a necessary part of the creative process, and that somewhere between the imagination and the reality principle; the mind can play on an infinite measure of continuum between these binary opposites. Both imagination and rationality are necessary in order that separation from the here and now may occur without a complete severing with the past.† (Windt, 2004) However, in the juxtaposition of truth and art it can be stated that Art could even be considered something as simple as an action someone has done for a cause or for somebody. If someone holds the door for somebody else, it could be his or her art to be generous and courteous. Even acts of crime can be considered forms of art. In many thieving circles, the method of breaking and entering or robbing places is merely called the Art of Theft. Therefore, one can never really limit art to one thing. Rather, it is a wide arrangement of things. In addition, one can never truly crack down and say that something is only artistic if it is of some particular kind of medium, because somebody else will disagree. Art is anything that anyone does which has a profound effect on somebody or something else. From a simple act of kindness to a masterpiece painting which took years out of somebody’s life? Some art can be considered more complex, and some art can be considered simpler in contrast. However, the fact of the matter is, in the eye of the beholder, art could be anything. So is it possible for us to define what art is or can we really set any realistic guidelines as to what is art and what is not? It is always possible to create guidelines, but it is often considered an art form in itself to break said guidelines. What we can do, however, is center ourselves on the aesthetics of art. However, defining what is aesthetic and what is not can be quite an undertaking. Simply put, something that is aesthetically pleasing is something that appeals to the senses. For instance, flowers give a nice aesthetic sense of smell by offering their pleasant odors. A nicely painted picture can give off a nice aesthetic sight for somebody to enjoy. Often it is difficult to create something aesthetically pleasing, as there are many ways to offend peoples senses. For instance, if you wanted to create a painting to give off an aesthetic feeling of hope, you probably would not use an over abundance of dark colors. Dark colors are often used to show calmness or even more commonly, something sad and depressing. In addition, when painting, if you use wider and more circular strokes with a lighter press on your brush, you will give off more depressing tones and colors. Therefore, it would be more advisable to use lighter colors and more agile handling of the brush. Lighter colors often give off a feeling of warmth and happiness, which is something that you would like to be doing if you would like to create something hopeful. However, to create something that gives off a strong aesthetic presence, you usually must feel some sort of emotional attachment to whatever it is you are working on three. One must have a feeling for whatever it is you are working on. Only then will you truly pour out everything from your heart and mind. When you can accomplish this, you can create something with true aesthetic value. If you can describe your emotions in your artwork, it becomes easier for others to understand what you were trying to do, and more often, give them a stronger emotional sense. In a way, this creates a bond between the artist and the observer, allowing true aesthetic value to be created within a work of art. However, this still does not fully aid us in our quest to find out whether we can define what art is. There are some things, which do not stimulate our emotions as much but may still hold a different aesthetic value. Some of the most common examples of these are mathematical charts and scientific writings. Although they do not hold any intrinsic aesthetic values, they still provide a sense of artwork within the mind. Mathematics helps us to develop our logical minds and to expand our ability to memorize details and think things through. However, as odd as it may sound, even mathematics can help to produce powerful works of art. One of the most profound methods of art within mathematics must be the Golden Ratio. The Golden Ratio is a number, which is defined simply as width being 1.618 times the height of something 4 or approximately one and a half times the height of something. Although unexplained, you can prove it to yourself by viewing pictures of the Greek structure known as the Parthenon that the Golden Ratio is one of the most beautiful artistic forms in existence. The difference in width by length gives a soothing aura and relaxes the entire body when viewed. One of the other valuable aesthetic forms, which have come from math, is the circle. Although we may never truly define what Pi is, it is known that it is the calculation for a perfect circle. Pi is simple defined as an outer diameter 3.14 times the length of the radius of a circle. Circular shapes have always been known to be very pleasing to the eye, and this could help to explain why Roman structures may not be as pleasing as other circular structures. The Romans, for a time, were on top of the world and had to prove it by being correct in everything. This even meant their own calculation of Pi, which, in Roman times, was known to be 3.45. Interestingly enough, when you view Roman buildings with a bird’s eye view, you can notice that they are slightly ovular. This gives an awkward feel to them and helps to explain why Greek architecture has always been slightly more respected than Roman architecture. Even science has a place in the world of common art. For, without science, we would not have many of the methods of designing art as we do now. Paint, for instance, if not developed without science would not be in existence now. Chemistry and metallurgy have been two of the most significant expansions to the world of contemporary art however. Chemistry has helped to develop various substances, which react to different surfaces, and modern chemistry has helped to evolve this even further. Now we have fluorescent paints, synthetic canvases and neon gases to help create bright signs in the sky. Metallurgy has helped in sculpture design and in the design of many modern tools used in art. Many artists are now using welding as a medium for their artistic expression. The fields of science and art seem to go hand in hand when you think of them in this way. Computers in particular have had a profound effect on the development of aesthetic value in art today. Many artists conglomerate around the Internet to share their works of art and receive critiques from various sources to develop their talent further. In fact, there have been many programs developed which help people to develop art on the computer itself. Flash animation is a popular method of electronic art design, which is a conglomeration of various artistic images placed together in a mobile video sequence. Photo editing has been enhanced by several modern software programs, and you can even create unique three-dimensional images with some modern programs. Graphic design has been greatly enhanced by the advent of the modern computer. So many programs and computer platforms have been specifically tailored for Graphic Design that in recent years the industry has had an explosion in growth. Companies everywhere are constantly seeking artists to design their logos, papers, pamphlets and promotional media. However, with so many developments in the field of art, have we become closer to being able to define art in one true sense? Alternatively, rather, have we learned to adapt and respect all forms of art and their inherent values? What might be considered a masterpiece in the past by everyone may only be considered a masterpiece to a small number of people in this modern day. Rather than classifying art in one major group, we should respect all art for its value and its effect on society as a whole. It is debatable that we will ever be able to identify art in the analytical sense, but we will learn new ways to improve our talents and we will constantly gain more resources to spread our art across all reaches of the universe. It does not really matter whether or not we can define art, because art is just an expression. It is a method for human beings to get out their emotions and share them with the rest of the world. It helps to describe what cannot be spoken. A picture is worth a thousand words, but even those thousand words can yet again produce a thousand additional pictures. In addition, in this method of thought, art has an infinite number of possibilities and an infinite number of ways to influence the lives of others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are no strict guidelines for defining art nor will there ever be. Everything is in the eye of the beholder, but it does not matter. As long as society keeps using art forms and aesthetic values to gain a newfound sense of identity, I think the world will live without being able to define what art is. So do not pursue the field and believe you must define others work, but rather, attempt to find its emotional value and apply it to your own life. Thus, in conclusion, it can be stated that the statement of Martin Heidegger enumerating art is comparatively true and partly wrong. This is because truth cannot be imposed on art in the context of realism but the undefined part of art makes it wrong. This is because if art is not completely defined and if truth is uncertain at many parts, as seen earlier, the relation between the two becomes tentative and vague. Thus, whether art and truth are inseparable or they are in contradiction to each other remains a debatable issue for further arguments in the future. Bibliography: Kockelmans, Joseph J; 1985; Heidegger on Art and Art Works; Springer Lamb, Davis; (2004); Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata; National Book Trust. 2004 Marcuse, Herbert; 1994; The Aesthetic Dimension; Art and its Significance; Suny Press; Martin, Brian. (2003-2004). â€Å"Telling Lies for a Better World?† Social Anarchism 35: 27-39.   Retrieved on 7 April, 2008 from http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/03sa.html Windt, Gerda van de; (2004); Artistic Imagination: Transforming Sorrow into Beauty Truth and Art; Arts Education – Faculty of Education. Simon Fraser University

Social Inequality and Exclusion Knowledge in Social Care

Social Inequality and Exclusion Knowledge in Social Care How can a knowledge of social inequalities and social exclusion assist social workers in their practice? In some respects the topic of this essay reflects both the heart and core of the philosophy behind social work. There are some who would argue that it is the recognition and appreciation of the inequalities of society that are the driving force behind most of the social legislation in this country today. (Powell, J et al 1996). The definition of social inequality can be made on many different levels – philosophical, intellectual, socio-economic, cultural and health related, to cite but a few and a complete discussion is clearly beyond the scope of an essay such as this. In the same way social exclusion can be due to a myriad of causes – cultural, religious, behavioural, criminal, socio-economic, age, immobility and illness are a few of the more common factors. The fact of the matter is that in practical terms, both social inequality and social exclusion tend to overlap a great deal and in many cases, one is the cause of the other. (Lovelock, R et al 2004) Because it is completely impractical to consider all of the possible causes of both social inequality and social exclusion we shall approach the issue by considering a number of different examples and discuss them in the context of the question. In general terms, disability (both physical and mental) is a major cause of both these phenomena. We shall begin by considering the impact that disability has on both social inequality and social exclusion. To it’s credit, the Government has recently taken a number of steps to try to combat the inequality and the exclusion elements that are inextricably linked with disability. In order to be technically correct on the matter, we should note that the World Health Organisation actually subdivides the term â€Å"disability† into three different elements Problems in bodily function or structure, which they used to call impairment; problems relating to activities, or disability; and problems related to social participation, which they called handicap. (Ramcharan P et al 1997) For our purposes however, such a definition is hardly helpful in terms of examining the problems of the disabled. We would suggest that a definition in social terms is probably far more practical. Some commentators (Clasen J 1999), have observed that: The treatment of disability as if it was a single problem may mean that disabled people receive insufficient or inappropriate assistance. The problems that disabled people have in common are not so much their physical capacities, which are often very different, but limitations on their life style. In the context of this essay Goodin (et al 2000) adds the observation that: Their income tends to be low, while disabled people may have special needs to be met which require increased expenditure. Socially, disabled people may well become isolated, particularly as their health declines and they struggle progressively to manage on the resources they have, and they may be socially excluded. For our purposes in this essay we shall use the word â€Å"disability† in its English grammatical sense (a la Clasen and Goodin) rather than in the narrower WHO definition above. Perhaps the first observation that we should make, is that disability, or the perception of disability, is very culturally dependent and to some extent is culturally determined. The cynic might suggest that the stereotype caucasian British white male might consider that a disabled person is the responsibility of the social services and the state, who can look after him, provide him with carers and organise a regular income in the form of some type of protected benefit. Equally, the stereotypical Asian family might consider the disabled family member to be the responsibility of the family itself and would only look to the state for advice and resources. Clearly both of these stereotypes are cartoon exaggerations of the reality of the situation, but we use this to illustrate the cultural elements of the expectations of both the disabled person and their families or carers. In the context of our considerations here, we need to consider how a knowledge of the social inequalities and social exclusion can assist the social worker in their practice. In order to do this in the specific area of disability, we should examine The Disability and Discrimination Act (1995). Many would argue that this has been a piece of legislation that was long overdue as it addressed a need that has been demonstrably present from time immemorial (Baldock J et al 1999). The fact of the matter is that the ability to discriminate on the sole grounds of race has been illegal in the UK for a considerable time. As Spicker (P 1995) has observed: The ability to discriminate on other, arguably more fundamental features of existence, still remained an option that did not have the sanction of the law. In this respect, the Act has proved to be a valuable piece of legislation as it has helped to directly tackle many of the areas of social inequality and social exclusion. Many consider the Act to be simply aimed at the discrimination practices that were rife in the workplace, but the reality of the situation is that it is, in real terms, a far reaching piece of legislation which has implications for most areas of society and social interaction (Alcock P, 2003). The social worker will clearly need to have a working knowledge of the provisions of this Act if they are to be able to function effectively in this particular area. The social worker, in their daily practice, may very well come across clients with disabilities of various types, and these clients may look to them for help, support and guidance if they have an appreciable element of social exclusion in their lives. We can point to research which shows that the disabled have a substantial burden of discrimination when it comes to employment. (Chapman P et al 2004). Jowell (R et al 1998) demonstrated a 7 fold increased incidence of unemployment when compared to their able bodied counterparts. It generally follows that greater levels of unemployment are associated with lower levels of income and this, in turn, is associated with greater levels of social exclusion (McKernan SM et al 2005), The professional approach of the social worker will be to assess all of the possible factors that may contribute to their isolation and consider practical ways of breaking down the barriers to inclusion, whether they may be in the workplace, on the social front or even in terms of simple physical mobility. (Haralambos M et al 2000) Another major area of social inequality, which again has repercussions on social exclusion, is the area of health in general. In this context the (then) Health Secretary, Frank Dobson, made the very pertinent comment : Inequality in health is the worst inequality of all. There is no more serious inequality than knowing that you’ll die sooner because you’re badly off (Dobson 1997) There is a direct and demonstrable link between social depravation and ill health. It follows from this that social inequalities have a direct effect on both morbidity and mortality. This is most marked in the children from deprived backgrounds. (Black 1980) The Black report (cited above) was largely adopted and expanded in the publication of â€Å"The Health Divide† (Townsend Davidson 1988), which further quantified the areas of social inequalities as manifested in morbidity rates in the population and correlated them to social stratification. The Report came to the conclusion that these social inequalities were not being adequately addressed either by the Health Authorities or the Social Services. These identified inequalities later emerged, further modified, in a document â€Å"Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health† ( IIIH 1998), and were associated with 39 separate recommendations. These were subsequently criticised for a lack of prioritisation, (McKernan SM et al 2005), where† the fundamental role of poverty was lost in a sea of (albeit worthy) recommendations ranging from traffic curbing to fluoridation of the water supply.† Obviously, the findings of this succession of reports does not only impact upon the Social Services, it equally impacts upon other providers such as the Health Service and indeed the Government itself. We have examined two specific areas of the whole picture of social inequality, and it is prudent to also consider an overview before leaving this area. The trend to socio-economic inequality can be considered to be either rising or falling depending on which criteria of assessment one takes. If we consider the number of people who are living in low income households, there has been a measurable downward trend in the last decade, this is partly due to the fact that there are progressively fewer people in workless households (Chapman P et al 2005) Equally, if one considers the number of families on out-of-work benefits, this has risen by 30% in the last 6 years (JRF 2005) If one considers the impact of the association of low income and increased morbidity, then we can cite studies that show that there has not been any significant reduction in these health related inequalities in the last 9 years. (McKernan SM et al 2005). There is also the geographical factor. We can show that virtually all the indicators of both social socio-economic inequality and social exclusion are more prevalent in the north-east of the UK and they tend to progressively reduce as one moves towards the south-west. The only notable geographical anomaly in this respect is London which has a peak of low income and unemployment problems and Scotland which has a peak in health-related issues. (JRF 2005) In conclusion, although it is accepted that we have only examined a few small facets of the whole potential area related to both social inequalities and social exclusion, we would suggest that we have presented sufficient evidence to be able to suggest that the social worker cannot reasonably be expected to practice in the modern environment without a thorough knowledge and appreciation of these factors. It is not so much a case of â€Å"Does this knowledge assist the social worker in their practice?† but â€Å"This knowledge is essential to be able to practice effectively.† References Alcock P, 2003,  Social policy in Britain,  Macmillan 2003. Baldock J et al 1999,  Social Policy,  Oxford University Press 1999 Black report (The) 1980,  DHSS,  HMSO: London 1980 Chapman P, Euan Phimister, Mark Shucksmith, Richard Upward and Esperanza Vera-Toscano, 2004,  Poverty and exclusion in rural Britain: The dynamics of low income and employment,  Joseph Rowntree Foundation, Prentice Hall : ISBN1 899987 67 3, Clasen J (ed) 1999,  Comparative social policy: concepts, theories and methods,  Blackwell 1999   Dobson F 1997,  Department of Health: The NHS Plan. A Plan for Investment. A Plan for Reform. Cm 4818.  London: The Stationery Office 1997 Goodin R, B Headey, R Muffels, H-J Dirven, 2000,  The real worlds of welfare capitalism,  Cambridge University Press 2000. Haralambos M, M Holborn 2000,  Sociology: themes and perspectives,  Harper Collins 2000. IIIH 1998,  Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health (1998),  Department of Health,  HMSO: London 1998 Jowell R, J. Curtice, A. Park, L. Brook, K. Thomson C. Bryson (eds.) 1998,  British and European Social Attitudes: how Britain differs. The 15th BSA Report,  Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot. (1998) JRF 2005,  Low pay, and poverty,  Joseph Rowntree Foundation, Prentice Hall: 2005 McKernan SM, Ratcliffe, C 2005,  Events that trigger poverty,  Social Sceince Quarterly Vol. 86, Number 5, December 2005, pp. 1146-1169 (24),  JRF 2005 Millar J and Karen Gardiner 2005,  Low pay, household resources and poverty,  Joseph Rowntree Foundation, Prentice Hall: ISBN 1 85935 257 X Townsend Davidson 1988,  The Health Divide,  London: Penguin Books 1988 Ramcharan P et al 1997,  In: Empowerment in Everyday Life: learning disability, Jessica Kingsley (EDS),  Oxford University Press 1997 Lovelock, R. and Powell, J. (forthcoming, April 2004), ‘Habermas/Foucault for social work: practices of critical reflection’, in Lovelock, R., Lyons, K. and Powell, J. (eds), Reflecting on Social Work – Discipline and Profession, Aldershot, Ashgate, pp. 183–225. Powell, J. and Lovelock, R. (1996), Reason and commitment: is communication possible in contested areas of social work theory and practice?, in Ford, P. and Hayes, P. (eds), Educating for Social Work: Arguments for Optimism, Aldershot, Avebury, pp. 76–94. JRF 2005,  Joseph Rowntree Foundation 2005 April 1998 Ref 418 Poverty and exclusion in rural Britain: the dynamics of low income and employment

Helping Children From Broken Homes Essay -- Community Service, Service

"Love cannot remain by itself — it has no meaning. Love has to be put into action and that action is service." - Mother Teresa This past summer I had the opportunity to perform community service and participate in an event called â€Å"Upward Bound†. The purpose of this event is to reach out to children who come from broken homes, and help them to become leaders in their homes, schools and communities. This was my second year to volunteer with Upward Bound. The first year I was helping with elementary children, but this year I was a counselor for junior high students. This experience is one I will never forget. On a Sunday morning I met the kids I would be responsible for during the following week. From the first moment I knew it was going to be an interesting week. My kids each brought...

Macbeth: A Tragic Hero? Essay -- English Literature Essays

Macbeth: A Tragic Hero? A Tragic Hero is a common figure in many of Shakespeare’s works. A Tragic Hero is usually a figure of royalty, fame or greatness. This person is predominately good, but falls from prominence due to personality flaws that eventually lead to self-destruction. Macbeth’s major flaws are his ambition and impressionability. Due to their flaws, a Tragic Hero’s actions are often atrocious and cause them to battle with their conscience after their desires have been accomplished. These battles with their conscience evoke empathy from the audience. A Shakespearean Tragic Hero will always lose their life in the end of the play as a result of re-establishment of what is good in the play. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the title figure of the play can be seen as the Tragic Hero. There are many factors which contribute to the decline of Macbeth. The three main factors which contribute greatly to Macbeth's degeneration are the prophecies which were told to him by the witches, Lady Macbeth’s influence and ability to manipulate Macbeth's judgment, and finally Macbeth's long time ambition which drove his desire to be king. Macbeth's growing character decays from a noble man to a violent individual. When the play begins, Macbeth’s greatness is already established. Macbeth has already earned the title of Thane of Glamis and will soon become the Thane of Cawdor. The fact that he has these titles demonstrates to the reader that Macbeth is good and an important figu... Macbeth: A Tragic Hero? Essay -- English Literature Essays Macbeth: A Tragic Hero? A Tragic Hero is a common figure in many of Shakespeare’s works. A Tragic Hero is usually a figure of royalty, fame or greatness. This person is predominately good, but falls from prominence due to personality flaws that eventually lead to self-destruction. Macbeth’s major flaws are his ambition and impressionability. Due to their flaws, a Tragic Hero’s actions are often atrocious and cause them to battle with their conscience after their desires have been accomplished. These battles with their conscience evoke empathy from the audience. A Shakespearean Tragic Hero will always lose their life in the end of the play as a result of re-establishment of what is good in the play. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the title figure of the play can be seen as the Tragic Hero. There are many factors which contribute to the decline of Macbeth. The three main factors which contribute greatly to Macbeth's degeneration are the prophecies which were told to him by the witches, Lady Macbeth’s influence and ability to manipulate Macbeth's judgment, and finally Macbeth's long time ambition which drove his desire to be king. Macbeth's growing character decays from a noble man to a violent individual. When the play begins, Macbeth’s greatness is already established. Macbeth has already earned the title of Thane of Glamis and will soon become the Thane of Cawdor. The fact that he has these titles demonstrates to the reader that Macbeth is good and an important figu...

The Panama Canal Essay -- History Historical Essays

The Panama Canal In 1902, Theodore Roosevelt had a dream of a dominant America in both major oceans, connected by an American canal. With his inspiration, construction began on what has been called the largest project of any kind ever undertaken. Now that it is complete, the Panama Canal makes the world a much smaller place for ocean-going vessels of all sizes. Ideas for a canal across Panama have been in the works ever since the time the isthmus was discovered. In 1513, Vasco Nuà ±ez de Balboa crossed the 50-mile wide land bridge and claimed the water on the other side in the name of Spain. Shortly after, in 1534, a team was sent to survey possible canal routes that would follow the Chagres River, but it was deemed to be impossible to build at the time. There were no other notable instances of interest in a canal until 1848, when the California Gold Rush swept the United States. The Panama railroad was completed in 1851, and transported millions of dollars worth of gold and other riches from one sea to the next. In 1952, future president Ulysses S. Grant led the American Fourth Infantry across the isthmus and 150 of his men died of cholera in the jungle, inspiring him to commission surveys in Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama during his presidency in 1969. The survey teams, which were supervised by the Secretary of the Navy, decided that a route through Nicaragua would be the best for a transcontinental canal (www.pancanal.com). Three decades later, President McKinley’s U.S. Isthmian Canal Commission would also favor the Nicaraguan route, but for reasons which will be discussed later, the Panamanian route was ultimately chosen. The only physical attribute of Panama t... ... On December 31, 1999 the Panama Canal was handed over to the Republic of Panama, ending United States influence there for almost a century. As it always has been, the canal is to remain neutral, safe, and open to vessels from all nations for as long as it is in operation. Although the circumstances by which the construction of the canal came about were less than diplomatic, the final state of the passageway represents a free and equal ideology for mankind. Bibliography LaFeber, Walter. The Panama Canal. Oxford University Press: New York, 1978. A Man, A Plan, A Canal, Panama. A WGBH Production In Association With The British Broadcasting Corporation. WGBH Foundation: Boston, 1999. The Panama Canal. http://www.pancanal.com/eng/history/index.html. Panama Canal Authority: 2001. CanalMuseum.com. http://www.canalmuseum.com. Ared Networks: 2002.

Macbeth †Study Guide †Act I Essay

1.Why is Scotland at war at the opening of the play? Scotland is at war at the opening of the play because Mackdonwald, a rebel, was trying to overthrow Duncan and make a deal with the King of Norway. 2.What three predictions do the witches make in Scene 3? -Macbeth will be Thane of Glamis -He will be Thane of Cawdor -He will be King of Scotland. 3.Who is named heir to the Scottish throne? Malcom is named heir to the Scottish throne since he is King Duncan’s oldest son. 4.What is the â€Å"double trust† that makes Macbeth hesitate to kill Duncan? In Macbeth’s first soliloquy, he expresses his doubts about murdering the king. Among the reasons he should not kill the king are his â€Å"double bond† as kinsman (countryman) and subject, which should make him oppose the deed he is contemplating. 5.How do the murderers plan to implicate Duncan’s grooms? They will smear the blood of Duncan on the sleeping chamberlains to cast the guilt upon them. 6.What atmosphere and tone are created in the short opening scene? Macbeth opens with a scene which creates an atmosphere of foreboding and introduces the evil powers which are about to tempt Macbeth to his ruin. The tone of this scene is evil and intimidating. 7.When we are first introduced to Macbeth by the nobleman to Duncan, what is the reader’s initial impression? The reader’s initial impression when we are first introduced to Macbeth by the nobleman to Duncan, is a good one regarding Macbeth. Duncan and the nobleman make us picture Macbeth as a brave, victorious general who knew what to do and who saved Scotland from losing the battle. Macbeth seems loyal to his King, Duncan! 8.In what ways is Banquo â€Å"lesser than Macbeth, and greater†? Banquo is lesser than Macbeth meaning potentially since Macbeth is the King and has more power, but he (Banquo) is greater than Macbeth, not as happy as him, yet happier! 9.What impression do you form of Lady Macbeth Act I? Lady Macbeth has a passion of ambition. Her disposition is high, proud, and commanding. We observe in her no love of country, and no interest in the welfare of anyone outside her family. Her habitual thoughts and aims are, and, we imagine, long have been, all of station and power. She supports and loves Macbeth but does not overshadow her husband. 10.How is Macbeth feeling in his soliloquy in the beginning of Scene 7? What is his state of mind? Macbeth’s soliloquy shows that he shrinks from the murder of Duncan; his wife, however, forces him into action with her taunt that he is a coward. His fear foreshadows the way that his deeds will eventually come back to haunt him. 11.Shakespeare ends Act One with Macbeth and Lady Macbeth plotting the murder of Duncan. a.How exactly do they plan to kill him? While Duncan sleeps, she will give his chamberlains wine to make them drunk, and then she and Macbeth can slip in and murder Duncan. b.What is the dramatic effect of concluding the act by letting us see the murder plot as it crystallizes? Will he or won’t he? Audience is kept in a state of dramatic tension and suspense†¦

Grammar translation method Essay

Both the grammar translation method and communicative language teaching are teaching methods for acquiring a foreign language. Whereas the grammar translation method focuses on the translation of certain grammar rules and the translation of vocabulary, the communicative approach aims for acquiring the skill of communication for the learner Scrivener (2011). Both methods are effective in their own way, although the communicative approach focuses on the actual goal of language, namely communication between human beings. In this essay the grammar translation method and the communicative approach will be compared and contrasted, laying special emphasis on the assertion that the communicative approach is more effective for the learning and understanding of a foreign language than the grammar translation method. First of all, a remarkable difference in language usage is noticeable when comparing the two methods. While the grammar translation method exclusively uses the learner’s mother tongue, the communicative approach uses nothing else but the actual target language. With the use of the mother tongue, it is easier to understand grammar and meaning of words. (Rhalmi, M. (2009). This is a required skill to decipher written texts. When only using the foreign language, the level of oral communication increases. (Rhalmi, M. (2009). To find out which of both outcomes has a bigger value, it needs to be clear what the original goal of language is. Communicating is a required skill to survive. Oral communication is something that dates from the origin of the human kind. The invention of written language is a lot more recent. (Bright, W. (n.d). This proves that language is originally used for communication. Given this point, there can be concluded that the outcome of the communicative approach has bigger value to language’s actual goal.  In contrast, a really attractive feature on th e grammar translation method is its easily understandable explanation of grammar, words and phrases. Because of the fact that all the explanation happens in the mother tongue, it is easy for the learner to understand what is being said. Also, learners acquire a better capacity of understanding synonyms in the foreign language, due to the fact that they have already learned the meaning. Secondly, the communication between teacher and learner is flawless. Since the teacher and the learner speak the same language, the teacher can easily verify whether the pupils have learned what is just explained. (Fitriyanti, R. (2011).  Within the communicative approach, the communication between student and teacher is a lot more difficult and tedious in the beginning, which has to do with the use of target language only. However, the communication between teacher and learner is from much more value as the learner becomes more familiar with the foreign language (Abradi, C. (n.d). Because of goal aimed teaching in communicative language teaching, the communicative competence improves quickly (this will be explained later). What this says is that the tedious communication at the beginning can better be seen as a learning moment, rather than a disadvantage. Thirdly, in both methods there is a completely different way of acquiring skills. With the grammar translation method the students are supposed to learn the rules about the target language when sitting down and listening to their teacher. Grammar structures are explained and vocabulary is taught through word lists with a translation. The learner’s practice to apply what they’ve learned exists out of exercises where the learner needs to translate sentences or texts from the native to the target language and the other way around. (Rahlmi, M. (2009). Thus, this is a rather passive way of learning. The communicative language teaching lessons are quite different. These lessons contain meaningful activities in which the learner is required to interact. The activities are based on the interest of the learner to boost learning motivation. (Rhalmi, M. (2009). So, whereas the grammar translation method is rather passive, communicative language teaching is quite active. Passive learning is not really effective for the learner. (Ebbens, S (2013) states that a much better result of learning is caused by (inter)active practice. To go on, the teacher’s role is quite different in both methods. With the grammar translation method, the teacher is basically the guide for the learning process. The method is teacher centred, which means that the class focuses just on the explanation of the teacher. The role of the teacher here is to provide information to the students (Fitriyanti, R. (2011). â€Å"Teachers in communicative classrooms will find themselves talking less and listening more–becoming active facilitators of their students’ learning (Larsen-Freeman, 1986)† The communicative approach is a student centred method. Although the teacher sets up the exercise, it is the learner’s performance which fills up most of the lesson (Orellana. (2007). The  learning process is less effective when the teacher does most work in the classroom (teacher centred method) instead of the students doing most work in the classroom. (student centred method) (Ebbens, S (2013). A fifth issue, on which the two methods can be compared and contrasted on, is its historical background. The fact that learners of the grammar translation method are not able to produce comprehensive output in the form of oral communication, became evident in the years 1939 until 1945 (World War II) when the grammar translation method was not teaching students the foreign language effectively enough to communicate with allies or to understand the communications of the enemy, which was required to survive. When this occurred, a new approach appeared known as the audio lingual method which was based on structuralism and (The Grammar-Translation Method, n.d,). In 1957 the audio lingual method was criticised by the prominent linguist Noam Chomsky for its inability to teach learners to creatively apply language (Rhalmi, M. (2009). Partly because of this criticism, during the 60s of the 20th century, commutative language teaching was introduced in the classroom. (Rhalmi, M. (2009). This states that communicative language teaching was invented as a reaction on an alternative method for the grammar translation method. Thus, the communicative approach is actually already a more modern and adapted method of teaching the core goal language has. To summarise the main points mentioned in this essay; The difference of language usage in both methods, the advantage in language usage of both methods, the way of acquiring skills in both methods, the teacher and students role, and the historical background of both methods. These points given, I can conclude that the communicative approach of teaching a language is more effective to teach the learner language’s original goal, communication, than the grammar translation method. Although, if one is talking about comprehensive output in the form of letters and/or written text translations, the grammar translation method is superior to the communicative approach. Bibliography Rhalmi, M. (2009). Communicative Language Teaching (The Communicative Approach). Available: http://www.myenglishpages.com/blog/communicative-language-teaching-communicative-approach/. Last accessed 05/06/2014. Bright, W. (n.d). What’s the Difference between Speech and Writing?.Available: http://www.linguisticsociety.org//resource/whats-difference-between-speech-and-writing. Last accessed 05/06/2014. Rahlmi, M. (2009). Grammar Translation Method. Available: http://www.myenglishpages.com/blog/grammar-translation-method/. Last accessed 05/06/2014. Fitriyanti, R. (2011). Grammar Translation Method. Available: http://novaekasari09.wordpress.com/2011/06/12/grammar-translation-method/. Last accessed 05/06/2014. Abradi, C. (n.d). Advantages and disadvantages of communicative language teaching. Available: https://www.academia.edu/4743392/Communicative_Language_Teaching_theories_lesson_plan_and_application. Last accessed 05/06/2014. Orellana. (2007). The Communicative Approach in English as a Foreign Language Teaching Leer mà ¡s: http://www.monografias.c om/trabajos18/the-communicative-approach/the-communicative-approach.shtml#how#ixzz33uLe7fXe.Available: http://www.monografias.com/trabajos18/the-communicative-approach/the-communicative-approach.shtml#how. Last accessed 07/06/2014. The Grammar-Translation Method. (n.d). Available: http://hlr.byu.edu/methods/content/text/grammar-text.htm. Last accessed 02/06/2014. Scrivener (2011). Learning Teaching. 3rd ed. Londen: Macmillian. 31-32. Ebbens, S (2013). Effectief leren. Houten: Noordhoff uitgevers.

Legal Awareness Is the Need of Hour Essay

Our country is a democratic country as well as a welfare state. â€Å"Rule of Law† is the edifice on which the democratic structure has been built on. â€Å"Rule of Law† means everybody is equal in the eyes of law. In spite of this solemn principle, every day we hear news about instances of atrocities committed against women and children, excesses by law enforcing agencies, harassment of citizens by officials, cheating by seller of goods, exploitation of the weak, stories of discriminations and deprivation in the society besides heinous crimes like rape, murder, looting, etc. In most of the cases the victims accept these suffering silently by ascribing them to fate or are afraid to protest on the grounds of further reprisals. The fact is that many times people are not aware of the law and the rights such laws confer for their protection. The Directive Principles of the constitution lays down the guidelines for the welfare of the socially and economically neglected section of the society. A number of laws have been enacted to contribute to the welfare of the socially and economically downtrodden population of the society. However, the benefits of these provisions are not reaped by them due to lack of awareness about the same. Every country has prescribed Rights and Duties for its Citizen. The Citizens need to be aware about their Rights, the related legal provisions and processes. Coupled with this knowledge, they are also required to know how to realize their rights and entitlements. On the reverse side, there are certain duties and prohibitions which are cast upon people and that need to be observed so that they do not transcend the barriers and get into trouble for the same. The lack of legal awareness is not, unfortunately, confined to illiterates. Even educated person are often not aware about their Rights and Duties. A country can progress only when all its citizens are well aware of their Rights and know to exercise their Rights. This empowers citizens to demand justice and seek remedies for wrong done to them. Such a position would bring greater harmony, accountability and transparency at all levels which is sine-qua-non for progress and development. The examples of Europe and USA are noteworthy in this respect. They present a picture of a more just society than many of the developing countries in the world. The Constitution of India has outlined the Fundamental Rights of Citizens under Part III of our Constitution. Similarly, the Duties of the Citizen have been enshrined therein. Any violation/deprivation of the same can be enforced through High Court/Supreme Court under Art 32 and Art 226 of the Constitution. Natural justice provides that no person can be coerced into giving evidence against him. It is in this background Supreme Court of India has ruled that ‘Narco Analysis’, ‘Brain Mapping’, ‘Polygraph Testing’ tantamount of self incrimination and violation of Section 20(3), in the case of Smt. Selvi and others v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2010 Educated and uneducated citizen are often not aware about the process relating to arrest by police. Before arresting somebody, police has to show the warrant, if the offence is bail able or not. Any person arrested has to produce before a magistrate within 24 hours. Before conducting a search in somebody’s house search warrant has to be given. In case relating to seizure of Passport of Maneka Gandhi, the court observed that such station Action cannot be arbitrary and the reasons of seizure need to be given to the concerned person. A host of laws have been enacted for the welfare and exercise of positive discrimination in favor of the neglected section of the society. For example-: Hindu Marriage Act, Untouchablity Act, Dowry Act, Engagement of Child Labor, Child Marriage Act, Domestic Violence Act, Consumer Protection Act. For expeditious disposal of the grievances of citizen’s, legal institutions like Lok Adalats, Family Courts, Mahila Courts, Consumer Courts, Ombudsman, District Legal Service Authority, etc have been created. These institutions have been established on the basis of dictum â€Å"Justice delayed is Justice denied† For the progress of the country where everybody lives in harmony with others, ensuring a just society there is an urgent need for spreading legal awareness amongst people. The idea behind spread of legal information is that people are empowered before the need to seek Legal Aid arises and if the need for legal aid does arise then at least the people armed with newly acquired legal information can use the information in the best possible way. In order to promote the legal awareness following step should be taken-: †¢Increase in the literacy rate in the country. In our own country also because of high literacy rates people from Kerala are more conscious about their legal rights than other states. †¢Societies like ‘SEWA’, ‘MARG’, ‘ICARE’, ‘CRY’, etc have been doing a pioneering work in creating legal awareness among people. Such work needs to be encouraged. If other governmental an non-governmental organizations come up with such ideas then making people aware of their rights and duties and delivering justice would not be a difficult task. †¢Legal classes can be held in schools and colleges, with the aim of training the student also in turn can spread the same to their parents and friends. Particularly, women and girls can be enlightened on various legal protections and procedures to approach Police Station and courts for protection of their rights and obtain remedy for their problems. †¢Along with the legal acts, people need to be sensitized about various welfare schemes of the Government, functioning of the Legal Service Authority, the enacted provisions regarding free legal aid and services. Legal reforms which are long overdue in our country should be expedited. This would enable the judicial system to cut away lot of practices and procedures which delay the process of administration of justice. Most of the laws in our country owe their origin to colonial days and need to be reframed and simplified. The mind set for formulation of laws couched in legal jargons, clauses, sub-clauses not easily understood by the citizens has to change. Laws outlined in simpler terms can be easily comprehended by common people and would contribute towards enhancing legal awareness among citizens. Economically, India is having a sustained growth. The country is on the threshold of a developed country, an elevation from the status of a developing economy. In this scenario, the need for legal awareness amongst the citizen is very much necessary. With citizens conversant with their rights and duties, the presence of justice and fair play in the society, transparency, accountability would enabl e the country to make bigger strides in this economic development. Being a democracy is an advantage in this regard.

The Preventing Workplace Discrimination

a. People with disabilities or drug abuse problems can be accommodated in several ways. It is especially important to accommodate those with disabilities. The physical workplace setup can for example be arranged in such a way to be more accessible to the blind or wheelchair bound. Those with hearing disabilities can be accommodated by providing interpreters during meetings or interactions with the rest of the workplace staff. In terms of drug abuse, programs and workshops focusing on the problem, its consequences and its management can be offered. If not voluntary, such persons can be forced to attend under threat of losing their jobs. b. Personality, attitude toward work, and future upward mobility are very important considerations for hiring future employees. In terms of the first, it is important to consider whether the employee will be better suitable for teamwork or individual tasks, for example. The personality in this case will determine which requirements the employee will be best suited for, and must be aligned with the requirements of the job being applied for. Attitude towards work is probably the most important consideration. An employee with a positive attitude is much more valuable and more likely to succeed in any job situation than one with a negative attitude. Upward mobility is a consideration that will carry particular weight according to the nature of the job being applied for. An employee that is upwardly mobile will probably be more motivated to perform well than one who is not. c. I believe that Title VII can and will override the employment environment and conditions in a written employment contract. The reason for this is that an employee signing a contract may be unaware of the current legislation regarding such conditions. An employee's willingness to work under certain conditions does not change the law regarding these conditions. It is the job of the employer to educate him- or herself regarding the newest legislation, and complying with this. Non-compliance can result in legal problems and a negative public image for the company.

Critically discuss the key issues involved in studying children and Essay

Critically discuss the key issues involved in studying children and young people - Essay Example This paper takes a keen look at the way education brings a renewed confidence and adaptability within the ranks of the young people and the children in meticulous. Young people and children are always studied from a number of angles and perspectives. This is because they are hard to understand at the best of times. There is so much going on within their lives that it is difficult to comprehend all of this. It is a matter of fact that the children who attend schools are better off than the ones who study within the four walls of their homes. The reasons could be manifolds for the same however what is important is to ascertain what forces these children to remain within their homes and not go to schools at all (Guha, 2008). The reasons are immensely different from one another. These could include their parents’ financial conditions, their lack of access to proper schooling regimes, absence of any schools whatsoever or non-granting of admission to schools to name a few. The kids start learning from a very young age and it is understandable that no parent would want his child to lag far behind the other children in the society or city for that matter. The school ensures that the kids learn the basics of schooling right from the very beginning and they are taught the most basic of activities, habits and manners right from the start (Guichard, 2011). This also guarantees that the parents are lessened of their responsibilities, though to a small extent since they have to look after the chores of their homes as well. It is a fact that the schools act as significant role-playing instruments within the growth and developmental regimes of the young people and children. The manner in which the difference is brought to the fore is another pertinent consideration, and one that has a lot of bearing on the way these students conduct themselves within the global dynamics. On the part of the child who is being looked after and taught at the school, it is made sure that he starts interacting with the young ones of his age and friends are created all this while, which when seen in the proper perspectives, is something of a healthy exercise (Strong, 1998). The school makes sure that the young ones get to learn easily and in a quick manner without any such hiccups happening at a very young age. At school, he is provided mentoring as well as training on different subjects while at home, there are serious issues as regards to a student’s timely coaching and getting acquainted with the educational norms (Cotugna, 2005). Mentoring helps in understanding what the psyche of the student is and how he will cope up with pressure in the form of projects, assignments and exams. The same is however a missing link within the home schooling domains. Young people and children need help from different quarters of the society and more specifically from the domains of their own parents and guardians. This is because they have little knowledge about the world that they live in, and need guidance from all and sundry (Jenkinson, 1995). Children need to be given the support and confidence from their elders so that they can develop into better human beings in the future. It is for their own good if they comprehend the true essence of life and

Gender and psychology in Carol Ann Duffy's poems Thesis Proposal

Gender and psychology in Carol Ann Duffy's poems - Thesis Proposal Example Issues of gender, society, psychology, surrealism, sexuality, history, and fantasy have all found a place on the pages of her books. In my thesis, I intend to explore her poetic device of the dramatic monologue and its relation to the multiplicity of voices her poetry embodies. To better understand the societal and literary importance that set her body of work apart from others, it is necessary to indicate how this type of monologue gives a sense of freedom and authority to the misunderstood and neglected. Furthermore, I plan to shed light on the mental processing of the marginalized through the speakers reflections; in addition, I will focus on how her characters create their own identity by transforming the narrative language. The objectives of my research are firstly, to explore the various topics Carol Ann Duffy addressed in her writing, such as gender roles, female sexuality, suicide, and childhood, and to discuss what she had to say about each of them; secondly, to explore Carol Ann Duffy’s use of the narrative monologue as a vehicle of expression for her characters; and thirdly, to reveal the importance of Carol Ann Duffy’s body of work in the world of literature. It is my supposition that an analytical exploration of Carol Ann Duffy’s poetry will reveal a female writer who has found her voice in controversial topics by allowing her characters to develop their voice through her writing. The question I want to address is how successful is Carol Ann Duffy at broadening the reader’s perception of women, by shedding light on women’s issues through the unique usage of narrative monologues? In several of her books, such as The World’s Wife, Feminine Gospels, and Selling Manhattan, Duffy uses her writing to bring the female characters from the background to the forefront to emphasize the importance of the female