Is The Uk Really A Democracy Essay - 1356 Words

IS THE UK REALLY A DEMOCRACY? A democracy, according to Abraham Lincoln, is a government of the people, by the people and for the people. The word democracy comes from the Greek word demos which means â€Å"people and kratia, which means rule (http://educationportal.ontla.on.ca/en/ ). A democracy is a system where the people have a little of control over the government in some specific important processes like voting in elections and decision making. In a democracy, the majority rule and minority rights . Although there are positive sides of the United Kingdom’s democracy, there are negative sides which cause the reliability of democracy in the United Kingdom to be questionable. â€Å"Over half of the world’s countries employ some type of democracy† (Clark, 2001-2016). Democracy is a very popular system of government; In a democratic government, everyone is under the â€Å"rule of law†, people have the power to devise laws and decide how they want to be ruled. Different political sci entists have come to a conclusion that without the four basic principles; Free elections,Political participation, Civil liberties and a Functioning government, a country cannot be called a democracy (http://classroom.synonym.com/). There are two main types of democracy, the direct democracy and the indirect or representative democracy. In this essay, I am going to critically analyse the democracy in the United Kingdom, stating the strengths and the weaknesses of the democratic system in the UnitedShow MoreRelatedThe British Voting System, Undemocratic1429 Words   |  6 Pagesdistinct types of elections: UK general elections, elections to national/regional parliaments and assemblies, elections to the European Parliament, local elections and mayoral elections.(wikipedia, 2008).According to the facts and in comparison with the French and German systems, the British voting system might be undemocratic. Held generally each four years ( in the UK, Ireland, Norway) or five years( in Fran ce), elections suppose a certain democracy. But what is a democracy? Since the late nineteenthRead MoreTo What Extent Does Democracy in the Uk Suffer from a Participation Crisis?1234 Words   |  5 PagesPolitics Essay To what extent does democracy in the UK suffer from a participation crisis? (25 marks) There are a lot of ways in which citizens can participate in politics in the UK without necessarily having to vote for example: joining a political party, boycotting, and even signing petitions and fund raising. However, there is an argument that there has been a participation crisis over the past years in the UK. A participation crisis is when less and less citizens take part in politicalRead MoreThe Benefits of the UK Having a Constitutional Monarchy Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesAdvantages of the UK Having a Constitutional Monarchy As we enter the 21st century, the discussion about the existence of constitutional monarchy has become more and more commonplace. The  ¡Ã‚ ®constitutional monarchy ¡Ã‚ ¯ means the monarchs powers are largely exercised by the elected government. The Queen is Head of State which means she symbolizes the ultimate sovereignty of the state and represents Britain in an official capacity when foreign Heads of state visit the UK. DifferentRead MoreHistory And Independence Of The United Kingdom1056 Words   |  5 Pagesconflict and a fear among its people. I see how immigrants are taking our jobs and the withering economy is being abused. A storm is brewing and we won’t change until we’ve boiled over, when it’s to late. We call ourselves a democracy but we are nothing but. Democracy is a â€Å"a system of government in which all the people of a state or polity ... are involved in making decisions about its affairs, typically by voting to elect representatives to a parliament or similar assembly, as defined by theRead MoreDemocracy Is Not An Exception1681 Words   |  7 Pagesturnouts in western democratic countries have been constantly declining. The UK, which is regarded as the birthplace of modern democracy, is not an exception. As Peter Dahlgren mentions, democracy is for and about its citizens, and therefore a certain degree of civic involvement is a necessary and sufficient condition for its prosperity (2009, 14p) If the lower level of participation in democracy continues, the word democracy, originated from demos (the people) in Greek, should be changed to elite-carcyRead MoreA Steady Retreat from Democracy and a Growing Involvement in the European Union1692 Words   |  7 PagesA Stead y Retreat from Democracy and a Growing Involvement in the European Union Heywood (2002) defines the ‘European idea’ as the belief that Europe ‘constitutes a single political community’ with shared objectives and difficulties despite its historical, linguistic and cultural differences. In the 20th century the European community essentially concerned itself with defence, peace keeping, and economic progress partly in response to the devastation caused by the SecondRead MoreThe Differences Betweek the UK and US Constitutions Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesThe Differences Betweek the UK and US Constitutions The constitution of a state, at its most basic, can be described as the fundamental principles from which it is governed, usually defining how power is split up within it and thereby constructing a framework within which it operates (www.oed.com). In this essay, I will first provide a brief summary of the UK and US constitutions and then attempt to outline the key differences and similarities between the two and discussRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Proportional Representation (PR)1175 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant questions about current political situation in the country, particularly concerning electoral system. Therefore the problem of â€Å"crisis† in democracy of Britain was the subject of wide speculation among analysts and political scientists over last years. In addition it is widely recognized that the traditional electoral system in the UK-first past the post- is the main cause of that crisis and should be replaced as part of a plan to reconstitute the democratic culture (Kelly 2008). By longstandingRead MoreRevisionist Socialism1088 Words   |  5 Pagescapitalism rather than abolish it. †¨It seeks to reconcile socialism with capitalism. It seeks social justice in the sense of narrowing the economic and social inequalities (to varying degrees) within capitalism through welfare and redistribution. Social democracy is the most obvious example of revisioni st socialism. Revisionists are invariably parliamentary, not revolutionary, socialists. Bernstien Beginning in the late 1890s a diverse group of so-called revisionist thinkers increasingly questioned theRead MoreThe First Year Of The Magna783 Words   |  4 PagesBeing the 800th anniversary year of the Magna Carta the debate of whether or not it is time for the UK to adopt a written constitution has resurfaced, paving way for contrasting arguments relating to the need for modernisation in the 21st century, against the need to retain tradition. It must be mentioned that for the purposes of this discussion the term ‘unwritten’ is in the context that the UK constitution is not recorded onto a single codified document. While not presented onto a single document

Fast Food And Junk Food Industries Essay - 1754 Words

According to the Prevention Institute, since 2010 fast food and junk food industries are spending about $5 million every day marketing unhealthy foods to children. More than 95% of all food advertisements being viewed by children, are about products that are high in fat, sugar and sodium. Since children are the most vulnerable, industries are aiming their advertisements to children through television, the internet, posters or billboards or any other media source possible. Not only are these foods being promoted in public areas where children can see them, but they are also being promoted inside of schools. Most schools are making money out of this easy business by selling big industry products that are said to be healthy for their students. These healthy products are known for example to be low in fat potato chips, ice cream and even low in sugar soda. In reality these products being sold are more sugar-filled, rather than with nutrients to enhance students health. This is causing st udents to gain weight and develop diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes, that was never seen before among children and teenagers. These corporations are hiding the real facts from people and are tricking people into buying their new â€Å"healthy† and renovated products. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention department, currently obesity is affecting 1 in 6 children and adolescents in the United States. This results to approximately 17% (or 12.7 million) of children andShow MoreRelatedJunk Food Is The Biggest Cause Killing People After Smoking1319 Words   |  6 PagesJunk food The food which contains high level of calories, but low level of nutrition. In the past, people are very conscious about their food and they only like to eat home-prepared, fresh and healthy food in their homes. But now the trend has been changed specially the young generation like to eat fast or junk food like hamburgers, fried chicken, burgers, shawarma and pizza. Everyone needs food it is a very demanding thing (Cassie). To produced and control the food are very important issues. InRead MoreEating Junk Food And Its Effects On The Life Style Of People1313 Words   |  6 PagesThe food (pre-prepared and packed) which contains high level of calories but low level of nutrition. In the past people are very conscious about their food they only like to eat home-prepared, fresh and healthy food in their homes. But now the trend has been changed, people specially young generation like to eat fast or junk food like hamburgers, fried chicken, burgers , shawarma and pizza. Everyone needs food it is a very demanding thing (Cassie). To produced and control the food are very importantRead MoreUnderstanding The Impact Of Junk Food Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesTOPIC : Understanding the Impact of Junk Food INTRODUCTION Junk Food is that type of food which doesn’t contain nutritional value. It do not contain high level of calories and has little protein, vitamins and minerals. Such foods are also not good for health and has negative effects after consuming them. Why there is a More Demand of Junk Food? There are following reasons which shows that why people are attracted towards junk food:- â ¦  Preparation of junk food doesn’t take so much time and itRead MoreFast Food And Childhood Development Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pages Fast Food and Childhood Development Going out for a walk with our children and intending to take them to lunch outside may not be as good as we might think it is. The fast food industry is continually persuading children and young people to choose their product over the other one; using multiples strategies that will target their taste and vision. Yet fast food it might save times and please a child cravings, but a frequent consumption of fast food can distrainment a child growth and developmentRead MoreJunk Food Tax1104 Words   |  5 PagesJunk Food Tax The current issue of junk food consumption and the overall obesity battle in America continues to plague our nation. The suggestion to counteract this problem is the implementation of a â€Å"junk tax†. ProQuest states that, â€Å"’junk food tax’ refers to a tax placed upon fattening foods or beverages† (Par. 1). The intention of the tax is to minimize the consumption of unhealthy foods, which would expectantly lead to a healthier population. A junk food tax would also generate revenue for causesRead MoreFast Food764 Words   |  4 PagesPros and Cons of Junk Food? Junk food industry is taking off these days, which incites both young and old. There are various pros and cons of junk food. Junk food such as fries and pizzas are tantalizing for everyone. Junk foods are filled with calories and fats without nutritional values. One benefit of fast food is that you can walk in, order and eat. For the modern youth, vegetables and fruits are not that appealing as compared to junk food such as pizzas and fries. Junk foods are delectableRead MoreAlternative Ways To Defeat Obesity Essay1375 Words   |  6 PagesAlternative Ways To Defeat Obesity When Mcdonalds, Wendys, and Burger King and other fast-food industries opened their doors, the number of young adults that are considered obese have dramatically increased like the speed of light every year. Moreover, obesity is described as a condition where the body stores unnecessary fat. Obesity is the leading cause of death due to the consumption of unhealthy food on a daily basis. In fact, it is responsible of heart disease, diabetes, and it causes theRead MoreJunk Food958 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss different types of junk food and the harm of the junk food. Thesis statement: the definition of junk food. How many different types of junk food? What is the harm for junk food. Content Pro: (Explore Issues or State Position) Examples and stories: 1. Less likely to be overweight. 2.In addition to foods and drinks with a lot of added sugar, it is important to keep in mind that junk food can include foods high in salt or any energy-dense (high calorie) food that doesn t also having someRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity Essay913 Words   |  4 Pagesdiet books. It will require rethinking our environment.Other measures need to be taken to tackle this international epidemic. Addressing this issue is no easy task,Several experts have suggested implementing a junk food tax by the government. This would provide funding to regulate junk food, it is advertising, and many other areas improving our health. This idea has sparked a wide controversy in regard to the obesity issue, the benefits of such a tax plan, and our cherished individual freedom thatRead MorePersuasive Essay On Fast Food1001 Words   |  5 Pagesfries, burgers and all sorts of fast foods? Where you ever tempted to buy these type of foods? This temptation happens to anyone, even children. Did you think what these types of foods can do to the health of a person, especially younger children. We already have fast foods being served in schools. There are things we can do to change that. The government should make stricter laws regulating the food that is served in schools because most schools serve unhealthy foods. It will help decrease child obesity

Management - 1132 Words

Practicing Project Management: A Case Study, 2005 BWF-HHMI Course in Scientific Management The ability to allocate resources to achieve a goal is the hallmark of project management. This case study is designed to help you practice the allocation of resources in project management and identify the effects of resource allocation on achieving specific goals. Read through and complete this case study, and examine the final outcome to understand the potential problems and pitfalls that can occur in projects. Through these types of exercises and personal experience you will build an experience base of skills that will help you better manage your own research laboratory. Statement of Work: Background. You are an Assistant†¦show more content†¦Bob’s Brain Foundation, the group funding your brain tumor research, decides to perform a review of your program. To keep funding you need to show significant progress. You need your â€Å"best† people doing the ongoing lab work. Modify your available resources to best accomplish you goals. You may also change your scope projects, just realize it is a â€Å"bit late in the game† to be changing scope projects. ï  ¯ ï  ¯ ï  ¯ ï  ¯ ï  ¯ ï  ¯ ï  ¯ Name Person Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 Scope 4 Scope 5 Ongoing Lab Work 1 Ongoing Lab Work 2 Chia-Ling Graduate student Poor ï  ¯ Best ï  ¯ Adequate ï  ¯ Poor ï  ¯ Poor ï  ¯ Adequate ï  ¯ Best ï  ¯ Suzanne Post-doc Poor ï  ¯ Poor ï  ¯ Best ï  ¯ Poor ï  ¯ Adequate ï  ¯ Adequate ï  ¯ Best ï  ¯ Hortence Post-doc Best ï  ¯ Adequate ï  ¯ Poor ï  ¯ Best ï  ¯ Adequate ï  ¯ Best ï  ¯ Adequate ï  ¯ Pradip Post-doc Adequate ï  ¯ Best ï  ¯ Adequate ï  ¯ Poor ï  ¯ Best ï  ¯ Best ï  ¯ Adequate ï  ¯ More Things Happen! Ongoing events affect your final productivity. Hortence is sick and cannot complete her assigned tasks her productivity goes from â€Å"Best† to â€Å"Adequate†, or from â€Å"Adequate† to â€Å"Poor† depending on the task she has been assigned. DO NOT make any additional changes to the table. Copy your previous results onto the new table and calculate your point score. Final productivity ï  ¯ ï  ¯ ï  ¯ ï  ¯ ï  ¯ ï  ¯ ï  ¯ Name Person Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 Scope 4 Scope 5 Ongoing Lab Work 1 Ongoing Lab Work 2Show MoreRelatedManagement : Management And Management1504 Words   |  7 Pagesassuring an organization to be able to run smoothly is called as Management. Managers are capable to make decisions that will impact an organization in every phase. These decisions vary from employing new staff to taking a company public. Management is not an easy task, and good managers are highly respected. Management is like investment. Its main purpose is to extract the most out of every resource available in the organization. Management can be called as achieving targets in such a way that all theRead MoreManagement : Management And Management Essay1740 Words   |  7 Pagesproposals, and compliance training must meet the standards and requirements of both organizational structures, requiring Mr. Aranda to be fluent in both organizational cultures. Mr. Aranda was chosen for this project due to my observance of his management capabilities over the past twelve years. Mr. Aranda was an engineering technician who then earned a BS in business, resulting in being promoted to Engineering Manager, which enabled me to observe his triumphs and failures, and watch the evolutionRead MoreManagement Theory Of Management And Management937 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen used in company management. However, management of company could not be effective if only rely on theories. In fact, a good company development requires not only suitable theories selection but also consistency with practice in appropriate organization environment. Further, a company’s successful also need team work, creatively to together process. This essay focuses on how to make the company management effectively with some cases. There is no doubt that theory of management plays an importantRead MoreThe Theory Of Management And Management1690 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Management is one of the remarkable activities within human society began with a group or to an larger organization that are able to accomplish a same goals and objectives, by defining what is management and how is important to human being society many management theorists have produces (many models that can be used for successful organization change and winners respond to the past and complexity of change and adapt learn and act quickly (Mildred,G. Sonia T. 2008 ) different theoriesRead MoreLeadership, Management And Management1081 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership and Management Businesses require some sort of hierarchy of power to be successful. They cannot operate on the basis that everyone has the same job level if they plan to make a profit. However, the individuals that are placed in the higher power positions fall into two categories, leaders and managers. Many would say these are the same thing, when in reality they are not. They are two different styles that are used when operating a business and using the right one at the right time isRead MoreLeadership, Management, And Management876 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership and Management Name Institutional Affiliation Leadership and Management The achievements of organizations depend on their management and the manner in which their leaders conduct several operations within the organization. It is worth mentioning that successful organizations attribute their positive impacts in the market and general employee-employer relation to the influence spearheaded by the management team (Hiriyappa, 2013). This paper narrows down to evaluateRead MoreManagement And Functions Of Management1063 Words   |  5 PagesManagement in business and associations is the capacity that facilitates the endeavors of individuals to achieve objectives and targets utilizing accessible assets proficiently and adequately. Management includes planning, arranging, staffing, heading or steering, and controlling an association to achieve the objective. Resourcing includes the arrangement and control of human assets, budgetary assets, innovative assets, and regular assets. Administration is additionally a scholarly teach, a socialRead MoreQuality Management : Management And Management932 Words   |  4 Pageslines, it became more commonly understood that quality management may help organizations to repeat work less often, as the initial product or service that was delivered, was of a higher caliber, resulting favorably for the company as well as for the client. Quality management has now become a more regularly used practice throughout all phases of projects, allowing project managers to operate with a clear, defined process, and letting upper management determine if work should stop short for the sake ofRead MoreThe Concept Of Management And Management1147 Words   |  5 Pagesconcept of MANAGEMENT different or what is exactly the reason that some organizations have great success while others suffering many types of failures? I came to release how far is the difference in a concept of Management in organizations that are operating nowadays around the world. It is controversy issue and a subject for discussion. The concept of Management is wider subject but we are going to focus on two notable aspects, which have the most obvious part of the diversities in management. TheseRead MoreLeadership, Management, And Management1270 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and management are different. Leadership is the position a person holds as an administrative leader such as CEO-Chief Executive Officer. Management is the act of managing a business which consists of a body of people in positions of administrative authority. Business management consists of officers, directors and other people who have the authority of the business operation, organizations, duties, and work to be done. In management, emphasis is on delivering high quality products and

Analysis Of Sherman Alexes Superman And Me - 1568 Words

As poet, William Blake once said, â€Å"Without contraries is no progression. Attraction and repulsion, reason and energy, love and hate, are necessary to human existence.† By the same token, I believe that all of the factors listed by Blake help us grow and become stronger. In Superman and Me by Sherman Alexie, the author talked about how he was different from what people expected him and other Indian children to be: stupid. Alexie shared his love for reading and how it all started before he even knew how to read, all because of his father. Because of his love for his father and his father’s love for books, he decided to love books as well. Doing so, Alexie had learned to read and began having a passion for reading. As mentioned in the†¦show more content†¦As weeks passed by, I started to realize that what my sister had said was right; I started noticing the unpleasant side of her. She was not as friendly as she seemed on the first week of school. Being an observer, I noticed that she had curly hair, wore glasses, was occasionally late for class, and loved twinkies. Most importantly, I noticed a change in her attitude towards students; she was always easily angered. Each time she got furious, her face would turn as red as a tomato. As in nocent of a mindset I had, I was proven otherwise. As an observer who often sees students getting in trouble for what they have done, I never would have thought that one day, the student would be me. I am unable to recall exactly what day of the year it was, but I remember what happened clearly. That day, everything seemed to go so well; I had a great day with my friends and the school day was coming to an end. Suddenly that evening, at 2:12 PM, my day began to get worse, as if I got jinxed. During passing period before my last class, I decided to go use the restroom and unsurprisingly, the girls restroom was packed. By the time I got to class, I remember clearly that I had arrived a second or two after the last bell had rung. That day, my teacher happened to be standing by the door during passing period and when I got to class she said, â€Å"I want you to write me a page on why you

How useful are urban models to the modern geographer and urban planners Free Essays

An urban model is a simplification of a real city. They are used to help us understand more about real cities by showing patterns or processes which in real life may be complex and difficult to identify. They are applicable to a large number of cities rather than one particular city. We will write a custom essay sample on How useful are urban models to the modern geographer and urban planners? or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are based on the idea that there are similarities between cities. Geographers use these models to try and identify and explain urban spatial patterns and variations in their structure. Where as urban planners use the models to deal with real life situations such as deciding where to place a new motorway or deciding where to build a new business park. The first urban model to be produced was by Burgess in 1924 he attempted to explain the outward expansion of the city (Chicago) and the socioeconomic groupings of it inhabitants. He did this by splitting the city into five concentric zones: the central business district, transition zone, low class housing, medium class housing and high class housing. He devised these zones by the theory that individual compete with each other for the most favourable locations within the city. This competition was founded on the market for buildings and land: those who can afford the highest prices will get the best and most favourable land. This model could be useful to modern geographers as it could be used as a good starting point to look at the spatial variations of sections/zones within a town. It could also help to explain why people live where they do and why they live in certain groups. This model could be useful to modern urban planners as it could be used to describe the existing patterns of land use or city morphology and be compared to that of the modern morphology of a city in deciding where to place a certain building etc. due to the density of inhabitants in a certain area. It could also be used to measure land values and density within a city. Hoyt was the second producer of an urban model in 1939. He adapted on the same implicit assumptions that burgess had made but with adaptations. Hoyt’s model was based on the mapping of eight housing variables for 142 cities in the USA. He tried to account for changes in, and the distribution of residential patterns. He had the addition of three new factors on the burgess model. He suggested that areas of the highest rent tended to be alongside main lines of communication and that the city grew in a series of wedges. He also said that once an area had developed a land use that it would remain that use as the city extended outwards. This model could be useful to modern geographers as it is a better adaptation of the burgess model. Meaning that extra factors have been taken into consideration such as the wealth and similar land uses. This could be more helpful as it makes more judgements on where and why variations will happen. Such as wealthy people can afford the highest rates so will have the best position and afford to buy cars so will live further from he Central business district. This model could be useful to modern urban planners as it is a better adaptation of the burgees model with extra factors taken into consideration. This could be helpful to a planner as it talks about land value and how similar land uses attract other similar land uses. This is helpful as a planner can locate where certain industries are and where to situate them. Also to know where the wealthy people are will help to know what services and transport routes are best targeted towards them Mann was the third producer of an urban model in 1965. He tried to adapt the Burgess and Hoyt models to three industrial towns in northern England. He made a compromise model that combined ideas of burgess concentric zone model with that of Hoyt’s sectors model. He assumed that because of prevailing winds in northern Britain blow from the west, that the high class housing would be in the west and industry with its smoke, would be locate to the east of the central business district. This model could be useful to modern geographers as it combines the two theories of Hoyt and burgees resulting in a more complex and relevant model. It could be useful to see if industry does affect the position and distance of certain types of economic wealth. This model could be useful to modern urban planners as it combines the theories of Hoyt and burgees producing a more complex and applicable model. It could be useful in the location of industry and the construction of houses for different socio economic inhabitants. Ullman and Harris were the fourth producers of an urban model in 1945. They set out to produce a realistic model compared to those of Burgess and Hoyt but consequently they ended up with one that was more complex and this meant that the model was more descriptive then predictive. They said that a multiple nuclei needed to be developed as a response to the need for maximum accessibility to a centre, to keep certain types of land use apart and to show differences of land values, This model could be useful to modern geographers as it is more realistic to the modern world with its complexity. It could be useful to see if a town/city does actually follow the model with several nuclei. It also help to explain the inhabitants that commute to the central business district and see if they add to its density and population. This model could be useful to modern urban planners as it could help to locate bus routes and roads that were needed for the commuters and people who travel to work from the multiple nuclei. It could also help in the planning and placing of new houses for the people leaving the city to commute to work. In conclusion I think that urban models are very useful to modern geographers and planner’s .I think that models are a good starting point for analysing the morphology of modern cities. These models were produced in the past so it is obvious that changes will have taken place such as technology, fashions and transport. This does not mean that the models cannot be of use. The principles can still remain with a little adaptation to the real modern world. How to cite How useful are urban models to the modern geographer and urban planners?, Papers

Theory free essay sample

Explain what you understand by â€Å"theory†. Would you reject a theory of accounting on the basis that a particular research study found results that failed to support the theory? Explain your answer, with particular reference to Watts and Zimmerman’s Positive Accounting Theory, including a discussion of wether any theory can be proved or rejected. The theory is a set of assumptions, propositions, or attempts to provide a plausible or rational explanation of cause-and-effect relationships among a group of observed phenomenon. It is not helpful for improving the relationship between theorizing and qualitative empirical research in social science disciplines. It can be said that research study is established on the basic of theory. So the answer is â€Å"No†. According to Watts and Zimmerman’s Positive Accounting Theory, positive accounting is the branch of academic research in accounting that seeks to explain and predict actual accounting practices. It believes that it is just an object statement about what theory is and that contains no indication of approval or disapproval, instead of whether correct or wrong or being couched in terms of what should be or ought. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, if the result of research failed to support its theory, it does not mean the theory and maybe the process is wrong. And I would not reject this theory. In addition, any others like PAT can also be proved such as agency theory and contracting theory. However, if it is a normative theory which against Watts and Zimmerman’s Theory, it should be rejected.